Munzvimbo yekudziya uye kutonhora matekinoroji, mapombi ekupisa akabuda seyakanyanya kushanda uye yakasarudzika mhinduro. Iwo anoshandiswa zvakanyanya munzvimbo dzekugara, dzekutengesa, uye maindasitiri kupa ese ari maviri ekudziya uye kutonhora mabasa. Kuti unyatsonzwisisa kukosha uye kushanda kwemapombi ekupisa, zvakakosha kuti uongorore mumitemo yavo yekushanda uye pfungwa yeCoefficient of Performance (COP).
Maitiro ekushanda eMapombi ekupisa
Basic Concept
Pombi yekupisa ndiyo mudziyo unofambisa kupisa kubva kune imwe nzvimbo kuenda kune imwe. Kusiyana nemaitiro echinyakare ekudziisa anogadzira kupisa kuburikidza nekupisa kana kuramba kwemagetsi, pombi dzekupisa dzinofambisa kupisa kuripo kubva munzvimbo inotonhorera kuenda kune inodziya. Iyi nzira yakafanana nekushanda kwefiriji, asi kumashure. Firiji inobvisa kupisa kubva mukati mayo uye ichiregedzera munzvimbo yakatenderedza, nepo pombi yekupisa inobvisa kupisa kubva kunze kwekunze uye kuiburitsa mukati.
The Refrigeration Cycle
Kushanda kwepombi yekupisa kunoenderana nekutenderera kwefiriji, uko kunosanganisira zvinhu zvina zvikuru: evaporator, compressor, condenser, uye vharafu yekuwedzera. Heino nhanho-ne-nhanho tsananguro yekuti zvikamu izvi zvinoshanda sei pamwechete:
- Evaporator: Iyo nzira inotanga ne evaporator, iyo iri munzvimbo inotonhorera (semuenzaniso, kunze kweimba). Mufiriji, chinhu chine painovira zvishoma, chinotora kupisa kubva kumhepo yakapoteredza kana pasi. Sezvo inotora kupisa, firiji inoshanduka kubva pamvura kusvika kune gasi. Iyi shanduko yechikamu yakakosha nekuti inobvumira mufiriji kutakura huwandu hwakakura hwekupisa.
- Compressor: Iyo gaseous refrigerant inobva yaenda kune compressor. Iyo compressor inowedzera kudzvanywa uye tembiricha yefiriji nekuimanikidza. Danho iri rakakosha nekuti rinokwidza tembiricha yefiriji kusvika padanho rinodarika tembiricha yemukati inodiwa. Iyo yakanyanya-kudzvanywa, yakakwirira-yekushisa refrigerant ikozvino yakagadzirira kusunungura kupisa kwayo.
- Condenser: Nhanho inotevera inosanganisira condenser, iyo iri munzvimbo inodziya (semuenzaniso, mukati meimba). Pano, iyo inopisa, yakakwirira-yepamusoro-firiji inobudisa kupisa kwayo kumhepo yakapoteredza kana mvura. Sezvo firiji inoburitsa kupisa, inotonhora uye inochinja kubva pagasi kuenda kumvura. Iyi shanduko yechikamu inoburitsa huwandu hukuru hwekupisa, hunoshandiswa kudziya nzvimbo yemukati.
- Kuwedzera Valve: Pakupedzisira, refrigerant yemvura inopfuura nepavhavha yekuwedzera, iyo inoderedza kudzvinyirira kwayo uye kutonhora. Iyi nhanho inogadzirira firiji kuti itore kupisa zvakare muevaporator, uye kutenderera kunodzokorora.
Iyo Coefficient of Performance (COP)
Tsanangudzo
The Coefficient of Performance (COP) chiyero chekushanda kwepombi inopisa. Inotsanangurwa seyero yehuwandu hwekupisa hunounzwa (kana kubviswa) kune huwandu hwesimba remagetsi rinopedzwa. Mumashoko akareruka, inotitaurira kuti kupisa kwepombi yekupisa kunogona kuburitsa kune yega yega magetsi yainoshandisa.
Masvomhu, COP inoratidzwa se:
COP=Magetsi Emagetsi Akashandiswa (W) Kupisa Kunoendeswa (Q)
Kana pombi yekupisa iine COP (Coefficient of Performance) ye5.0, inogona kuderedza zvakanyanya mabhiri emagetsi kana ichienzaniswa nekudziya kwemagetsi echinyakare. Heino ongororo yakadzama uye kuverenga:
Kuenzanisa Kwesimba Kwesimba
Kupisa kwemagetsi echinyakare kune COP ye1.0, zvichireva kuti inogadzira 1 unit yekupisa kune yega 1 kWh yemagetsi anopedzwa. Kusiyana neizvi, pombi yekupisa ine COP ye5.0 inogadzira mayuniti mashanu ekupisa kwe1 kWh yega yega yemagetsi anopedzwa, zvichiita kuti ishande zvakanyanya kupfuura kudziya kwemagetsi echinyakare.
Magetsi Mutengo Wokuchengetedza Kuverengera
Tichifunga kukosha kwekugadzira 100 mayunitsi ekupisa:
- Traditional Electric Heating: Inoda 100 kWh yemagetsi.
- Kupisa Pombi ine COP ye5.0: Inongoda 20 kWh yemagetsi chete (100 mayuniti ekupisa ÷ 5.0).
Kana mutengo wemagetsi uri 0.5€ per kWh:
- Traditional Electric Heating: Mari yemagetsi i50€ (100 kWh × 0.5€/kWh).
- Kupisa Pombi ine COP ye5.0: Mari yemagetsi i10€ (20 kWh × 0.5€/kWh).
Savings Ratio
Iyo pombi inopisa inogona kuchengetedza 80% pamagetsi emagetsi kana ichienzaniswa nemagetsi emagetsi echinyakare ((50 - 10) ÷ 50 = 80%).
Muenzaniso Unoshanda
Mumashandisirwo anoshanda, akadai semvura inopisa yemumba, fungidzira kuti marita mazana maviri emvura anoda kudziyiswa kubva pa15°C kusvika pa55°C zuva nezuva:
- Traditional Electric Heating: Inopedza inenge 38.77 kWh yemagetsi (ichifunga nezvekushanda kwekupisa kwe90%).
- Kupisa Pombi ine COP ye5.0: Inopedza inenge 7.75 kWh yemagetsi (38.77 kWh ÷ 5.0).
Pamutengo wemagetsi we0.5€ per kWh:
- Traditional Electric Heating: Mari yezuva nezuva yemagetsi inenge 19.39€ (38.77 kWh × 0.5€/kWh).
- Kupisa Pombi ine COP ye5.0: Mari yezuva nezuva yemagetsi inenge 3.88€ (7.75 kWh × 0.5€/kWh).
Estimated Savings for Average Households: Heat Pomps vs. Natural Gas Heating
Zvichienderana nefungidziro yeindasitiri-yakakura uye maitiro emutengo wemagetsi eEurope:
| Item | Natural Gasi Kupisa | Kupisa Pombi Kupisa | Inofungidzirwa Musiyano Wepagore |
| Avhareji Yegore Nesimba Mari | €1,200–€1,500 | €600–900 | Savings of approx. €300–€900 |
| CO₂ Emissions (matani/gore) | 3-5 matani | 1-2 matani | Kuderedzwa kwe approx. 2-3 matani |
Cherechedza:Kuchengetedza chaiko kunosiyana zvichienderana nemitengo yemagetsi negasi yenyika, mhando yekudzivirira yekuvaka, uye kushanda kwepombi yekupisa. Nyika dzakaita seGermany, France, neItaly dzinowanzoratidza kuchengetedza kwakanyanya, kunyanya kana rubatsiro rwehurumende rwuripo.
Hien R290 EocForce Serie 6-16kW Heat Pombi: Monobloc Mhepo kuenda kuMvura Pombi Inopisa
Zvinokosha:
Yese-mu-imwe Basa: kupisa, kutonhora, uye epamba mvura inopisa mabasa
Flexible Voltage Options:220–240 V kana 380–420 V
Compact Dhizaini: 6–16 kW compact units
Eco-Hushamwari Refrigerant:Green R290 refrigerant
Whisper-Quiet Operation:40.5 dB(A) pa 1 m
Kushanda Kwesimba:SCOP Kusvika 5.19
Yakanyanya Tembiricha Kuita: Kushanda kwakagadzikana pa -20 °C
Superior Energy Kubudirira: A+++
Smart Kudzora uye PV-yakagadzirira
Anti-legionella basa: Max Outlet Mvura Temp.75ºC
Nguva yekutumira: Sep-10-2025