Munyaya yematekinoroji ekudziyisa nekutonhodza, mapombi ekupisa ave mhinduro inoshanda zvikuru uye isingakuvadzi nharaunda. Anoshandiswa zvakanyanya munzvimbo dzekugara, dzekutengeserana, uye dzemaindasitiri kuti ape mabasa ekudziyisa nekutonhodza. Kuti unzwisise kukosha uye mashandiro emapombi ekupisa, zvakakosha kuti unyatsoongorora misimboti yawo yekushanda uye pfungwa yeCoefficient of Performance (COP).
Nheyo dzeKushanda dzeMapombi eKupisa
Pfungwa Yekutanga
Pombi yekupisa chinhu chinotamisa kupisa kubva panzvimbo imwe kuenda kune imwe. Kusiyana nehurongwa hwechinyakare hwekupisa hunogadzira kupisa kuburikidza nekupisa kana kudzivirira magetsi, pombi dzekupisa dzinotamisa kupisa kuripo kubva munzvimbo inotonhorera kuenda kune inodziya. Maitiro aya akafanana nekushanda kwefiriji, asi zvakasiyana. Firiji inoburitsa kupisa kubva mukati mayo yoiburitsa munzvimbo yakapoteredza, nepo pombi yekupisa ichiburitsa kupisa kubva kunze kwenzvimbo yoiburitsa mumba.
Kutenderera kweFiriji
Kushanda kwepombi yekupisa kunoenderana nekushanda kwefiriji, iyo inosanganisira zvikamu zvina zvikuru: evaporator, compressor, condenser, uye expansion valve. Heino tsananguro nhanho nhanho yekuti zvikamu izvi zvinoshanda sei pamwe chete:
- Muchina wekupwanya mvura: Maitiro acho anotanga ne evaporator, iri munzvimbo inotonhorera (semuenzaniso, kunze kwemba). Refrigerant, chinhu chine poindi shoma yekufashaira, chinotora kupisa kubva mumhepo yakapoteredza kana pasi. Pachinotora kupisa, refrigerant inochinja kubva pamvura kuita gasi. Kuchinja uku kwakakosha nekuti kunobvumira refrigerant kutakura kupisa kwakawanda.
- Compressor: Refrigerant ine gasi inobva yaenda kucompressor. Compressor inowedzera kumanikidzwa uye tembiricha yerefrigerant nekuidzvanya. Danho iri rinokosha nekuti rinokwidza tembiricha yerefrigerant kusvika padanho rakakwirira kupfuura tembiricha yemumba inodiwa. Refrigerant ine kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya uye tembiricha yepamusoro ikozvino yagadzirira kuburitsa kupisa kwayo.
- Chinotonhodza: Danho rinotevera rinosanganisira condenser, iri munzvimbo inodziya (semuenzaniso, mukati memba). Pano, refrigerant inopisa, ine simba guru inoburitsa kupisa kwayo kumhepo kana mvura yakapoteredza. Refrigerant painoburitsa kupisa, inotonhora uye inochinja kubva pagasi kuita mvura. Kuchinja kwechikamu ichi kunoburitsa kupisa kwakawanda, kunoshandiswa kudziisa nzvimbo yemukati.
- Vharuvhu Yokuwedzera: Pakupedzisira, refrigerant yemvura inopfuura nepavharuvhu yekuwedzera, izvo zvinoderedza kumanikidzwa kwayo netembiricha. Danho iri rinogadzirira refrigerant kuti itore kupisa zvakare mu evaporator, uye kutenderera kwacho kunodzokorora.
Kuenzana Kwekushanda (COP)
Tsanangudzo
Coefficient of Performance (COP) chiyero chekushanda zvakanaka kwepombi yekupisa. Inotsanangurwa sechiyero chehuwandu hwekupisa hunopihwa (kana kubviswa) nehuwandu hwesimba remagetsi rinoshandiswa. Muchidimbu, inotiudza kuti pombi yekupisa inogona kuburitsa kupisa kwakadii payuniti yega yega yemagetsi yainoshandisa.
Pamasvomhu, COP inotsanangurwa se:
COP=Simba reMagetsi Rinoshandiswa (W)Kupisa Kunounzwa (Q)
Kana pombi yekupisa ine COP (Coefficient of Performance) ye5.0, inogona kuderedza zvakanyanya mabhiri emagetsi zvichienzaniswa nekupisa kwemagetsi kwechinyakare. Heino ongororo yakadzama uye kuverenga:
Kuenzanisa Kushanda Nesimba
Kudziisa kwemagetsi kwechinyakare kune COP ye1.0, zvichireva kuti inogadzira yuniti imwe chete yekupisa pa 1 kWh yega yega yemagetsi anoshandiswa. Kusiyana neizvi, pombi yekupisa ine COP ye5.0 inogadzira mayuniti mashanu ekupisa pa 1 kWh yega yega yemagetsi anoshandiswa, zvichiita kuti ishande zvakanyanya kupfuura kudziisa kwemagetsi kwechinyakare.
Kuverenga Mari Yekuchengetedza Magetsi
Kufunga nezvekudiwa kwekugadzira mayuniti zana ekupisa:
- Kudziyisa Kwemagetsi Kwechinyakare: Inoda 100 kWh yemagetsi.
- Pombi yekupisa ine COP ye5.0: Inoda 20 kWh yemagetsi chete (100 units yekupisa ÷ 5.0).
Kana mutengo wemagetsi uri 0.5€ pa kWh:
- Kudziyisa Kwemagetsi Kwechinyakare: Mutengo wemagetsi i50€ (100 kWh × 0.5€/kWh).
- Pombi yekupisa ine COP ye5.0: Mutengo wemagetsi i10€ (20 kWh × 0.5€/kWh).
Chiyero Chekuchengetedza Mari
Pombi yekupisa inogona kuchengetedza 80% pamari yemagetsi zvichienzaniswa nekushandisa magetsi echinyakare ((50 - 10) ÷ 50 = 80%).
Muenzaniso Unoshanda
Mukushandiswa kwemvura inopisa pamba, fungidzira kuti marita mazana maviri emvura anofanira kudziiswa kubva pa15°C kusvika 55°C zuva nezuva:
- Kudziyisa Kwemagetsi Kwechinyakare: Inoshandisa magetsi angangoita 38.77 kWh (tichifunga kuti kupisa kunoshanda zvakanaka kwe90%).
- Pombi yekupisa ine COP ye5.0: Inoshandisa magetsi angangoita 7.75 kWh (38.77 kWh ÷ 5.0).
Pamutengo wemagetsi we0.5€ pa kWh:
- Kudziyisa Kwemagetsi Kwechinyakare: Mari yemagetsi yezuva nezuva inosvika 19.39€ (38.77 kWh × 0.5€/kWh).
- Pombi yekupisa ine COP ye5.0: Mari yemagetsi yezuva nezuva inosvika 3.88€ (7.75 kWh × 0.5€/kWh).
Mari Inofungidzirwa Kuchengetwa Kwemhuri Dziri Pakati Nepakati: Mapombi Ekupisa vs. Kupisa Gasi Rechisikigo
Zvichibva pafungidziro dzeindasitiri yese uye mafambiro emitengo yesimba muEurope:
| Chinhu | Kudziyisa Gasi Rechisikigo | Kudziyisa Pombi Yekupisa | Musiyano Unofungidzirwa Wegore Negore |
| Avhareji Yemutengo Wemagetsi Pagore | €1,200–€1,500 | €600–€900 | Mari inochengetedzwa inosvika €300–€900 |
| Kubuda kweCO₂ (matani pagore) | matani 3–5 | matani 1–2 | Kuderedzwa kwematani angangoita 2–3 |
Cherechedza:Mari chaiyo inochengetedzwa inosiyana zvichienderana nemitengo yemagetsi nepeturu yenyika, kunaka kwekudzivirira kupisa kwechivako, uye kushanda zvakanaka kwepombi yekupisa. Nyika dzakadai seGermany, France, neItaly dzinowanzo kuratidza kuchengetedza kwakanyanya, kunyanya kana paine rubatsiro rwehurumende.
Pombi yekupisa yeHien R290 EocForce Series 6-16kW: Pombi yekupisa yeMonobloc Air to Water
Zvinhu Zvikuru:
Kushanda kwese-mune-imwe: mabasa ekudziyisa, kutonhora, uye emvura inopisa yemumba
Sarudzo dzeVoltage Dzinochinjika: 220–240 V kana 380–420 V
Dhizaini Yakabatana: 6–16 kW mayuniti madiki
Refrigerant Inoshamwaridzana Nezvakatipoteredza: Green R290 refrigerant
Kushanda Kwakanyarara Nekuchema: 40.5 dB(A) pa 1 m
Kushanda Nesimba: SCOP Kusvika 5.19
Kushanda Kwakanyanya Kupisa: Kushanda kwakasimba pa –20 °C
Kushanda Nesimba Kwakanaka Kwazvo: A+++
Kudzora Kwakangwara uye Kwakagadzirira PV
Basa reAnti-legionella: Max Outlet Water Temp.75ºC
Nguva yekutumira: Gunyana-10-2025